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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
Commercial nuclear innovation "new space" age
In early 2006, a start-up company launched a small rocket from a tiny island in the Pacific. It exploded, showering the island with debris. A year later, a second launch attempt sent a rocket to space but failed to make orbit, burning up in the atmosphere. Another year brought a third attempt—and a third failure. The following month, in September 2008, the company used the last of its funds to launch a fourth rocket. It reached orbit, making history as the first privately funded liquid-fueled rocket to do so.
T. Endo, N. Kobayashi, K. Goto, M. Yasuda, Y. Fujima
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 43 | Number 3 | May 2003 | Pages 270-274
Technical Paper | Targets and Target Protection During Injection | doi.org/10.13182/FST03-A266
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Experiments on the wall-thickness dependence of the cooling-induced deformation (CID) of polystyrene (PS) spherical shells were carried out. For the experiments, the PS shells were fabricated by the density-matched emulsion method using the hand-shaken microencapsulation technique. The number-averaged and weight-averaged molecular weights of the PS were Mn = 1.1 × 105 and Mw = 4.0 × 105, respectively. The diameter of the PS shells was ~400-550 m. To investigate the wall-thickness dependence of the CID, the wall thickness of the PS shells was varied between 5 and 60 m. In the experiments, the PS shells were cooled by using liquid nitrogen, and their images were captured at 0 and -190°C. For the investigation of the CID, two shapes of each shell that were measured at 0 and -190°C were compared. The thinner PS shells showed larger CID. The maximum deformation was almost 1% of the outer radius when the shell aspect ratio (outer radius)/(wall thickness) was higher than 20. The repeatability of the CID was studied, and the results implied that residual stress in the PS shells had an influence on the CID.