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WIPP: Lessons in transportation safety
As part of a future consent-based approach by the federal government to site new deep geologic repositories for nuclear waste, local communities and states that are considering hosting such facilities are sure to have many questions. Currently, the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico is the only example of such a repository in operation, and it offers the opportunity for state and local officials to visit and judge for themselves the risks and benefits of hosting a similar facility. But its history can also provide lessons for these officials, particularly the political process leading up to the opening of WIPP, the safety of WIPP operations and transportation of waste from generator facilities to the site, and the economic impacts the project has had on the local area of Carlsbad, as well as the rest of the state of New Mexico.
Kenneth L. Wrisley, Don Steiner
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 13 | Number 3 | March 1988 | Pages 453-462
Technical Paper | Alpha-Particle Workshop / Fusion Reactor | doi.org/10.13182/FST88-A25123
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
One of the potentially attractive applications of nuclear fusion is to breed fissile fuel for use in fission reactors. A fusion-fission breeder is examined, based on four unique concepts: operation in a non-power-producing mode, a low technology (low pressure and temperature) aqueous self-cooled blanket for breeding fissile fuel, the spherical torus confinement scheme (low-aspect-ratio tokamak), and the catalyzed deuterium-deuterium (D-D) fuel cycle. The breeding of fissile fuel is accomplished by dissolving a uranium salt, i.e., uranyl nitrate, in heavy water that cools both the first wall and blanket. The use of the catalyzed D-D fuel cycle eliminates the need for tritium breeding. The neutron wall loading for this reactor is only ∼0.5 MW/m2, and the fusion power output is ∼1000 MW(thermal). Analysis of this novel reactor concept indicates a fissile breeding ratio of 1.34 fissile atom/source neutron using a 15-cm beryllium moderator/multiplier region and 7 mol% uranyl nitrate in the heavy water. A typical reactor using this blanket can produce more than 7400 kg of plutonium per operating year. This concept can provide fissile fuel at a cost that is comparable to previous fusion breeder designs but at a capital cost of about one-third that of the previous designs.