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Smarter waste strategies: Helping deliver on the promise of advanced nuclear
At COP28, held in Dubai in 2023, a clear consensus emerged: Nuclear energy must be a cornerstone of the global clean energy transition. With electricity demand projected to soar as we decarbonize not just power but also industry, transport, and heat, the case for new nuclear is compelling. More than 20 countries committed to tripling global nuclear capacity by 2050. In the United States alone, the Department of Energy forecasts that the country’s current nuclear capacity could more than triple, adding 200 GW of new nuclear to the existing 95 GW by mid-century.
Robert H. Lehmberg, Julius Goldhar
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 11 | Number 3 | May 1987 | Pages 532-541
Technical Paper | KrF Laser | doi.org/10.13182/FST87-A25033
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A technique called echelon-free induced spatial incoherence is proposed for producing smooth, controllable target beam profiles with large KrF fusion lasers. The idea is basically an image projection technique that projects the desired time-averaged spatial profile F(x) onto the target via the laser system, using partially coherent broadband light. The information needed to reproduce F(x) is transported through the system by a multitude of independent coherence zones, whose diameters are small compared to scalelengths of linear aberration and gain nonuniformities; as a result, F(x) remains relatively insensitive to these effects. This concept is closely related to the induced spatial incoherence technique used with glass lasers, except that it does not require echelons at the output of the system. An analysis is carried out to evaluate the perturbations of F(x) due to linear aberration, self-focusing, gain saturation, and diffraction. It shows that under conditions applicable to large KrF lasers, the perturbations will result in a small broadening and smoothing of F(x), whose functional form should be controllable to within a few percent. The ability of this technique to generate smooth focal profiles is demonstrated using a small KrF discharge oscillator-preamplifier system.