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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
Glen R. Edwards, Kent A. Jones, Steven F. Halvorson
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 10 | Number 2 | September 1986 | Pages 243-252
Technical Paper | Blanket Engineering | doi.org/10.13182/FST86-A24976
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Recent inertial confinement fusion reactor designs utilize liquid 17Li-83Pb blankets to absorb the neutron and thermal fluxes. One of the crucial concerns of these designs is the compatibility of structural alloys with this lithium-lead alloy, especially because of this liquid's possible propensity for embrittling materials. Current candidate pressure vessel steels for liquid lithium or lithium-lead containment are the Cr-Mo steels such as HT-9 (12 Cr-1 Mo), 2.25 Cr-1 Mo, and niobium-stabilized 2.25 Cr-1 Mo. This investigation was therefore aimed at characterizing the lithium-lead embrittlement susceptibility of the weldments of these steels subjected to a 17Li-83Pb liquid. Results of these embrittlement studies have shown that as-welded heat-affected zones of low phosphorus and sulfur 2.25 Cr-1 Mo, niobium-stabilized 2.25 Cr-1 Mo, and HT-9 steels all exhibit liquid-metal-induced embrittlement susceptibility when subjected to a 17Li-83Pb liquid. The embrittlement, however, was found to be very dependent on post-weld heat treatment. Normally extensive post-weld heat treatments greatly ameliorate the 17Li-83Pb embrittlement, rendering these steels acceptable for 17Li-83Pb containment.