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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
Emilio Franconi
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 6 | Number 2 | September 1984 | Pages 414-419
Technical Paper | Selected papers from the Ninth International Vacuum Congress and the Fifth International Conference on Solid Surfaces (Madrid, Spain, September 26-October 1, 1983) | doi.org/10.13182/FST84-A23215
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Transmission of microwave radiation at the lower hybrid frequency may induce multipactor breakdown in the coupling structure of a tokamak machine. To increase the R.F. power throughput to a plasma, secondary electron emission on the waveguide walls and subsequent electron multiplication which cause multipactor breakdown effect must be reduced. In this work measurements of secondary electron yields δ of two kinds of coatings (graphite, TiC) on S.S. were performed as a function of primary beam energies (100 eV; 1.1 keV). Also uncoated stainless steel was measured. Results show δ to have a typical energy dependence, with a peak occuring at 200 to 300 eV for normal electron beam incidence. The graphite and TiC coatings after surface treatment give δmax < 1, which allows to reduce multipacting in waveguide.