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Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Emilio Franconi
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 6 | Number 2 | September 1984 | Pages 414-419
Technical Paper | Selected papers from the Ninth International Vacuum Congress and the Fifth International Conference on Solid Surfaces (Madrid, Spain, September 26-October 1, 1983) | doi.org/10.13182/FST84-A23215
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Transmission of microwave radiation at the lower hybrid frequency may induce multipactor breakdown in the coupling structure of a tokamak machine. To increase the R.F. power throughput to a plasma, secondary electron emission on the waveguide walls and subsequent electron multiplication which cause multipactor breakdown effect must be reduced. In this work measurements of secondary electron yields δ of two kinds of coatings (graphite, TiC) on S.S. were performed as a function of primary beam energies (100 eV; 1.1 keV). Also uncoated stainless steel was measured. Results show δ to have a typical energy dependence, with a peak occuring at 200 to 300 eV for normal electron beam incidence. The graphite and TiC coatings after surface treatment give δmax < 1, which allows to reduce multipacting in waveguide.