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2024 ANS Annual Conference
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Why should safeguards by design be a global effort?
Jeremy Whitlock
I can’t think of a more exciting time to be working in nuclear, with the diversity of advanced reactor development and increasing global support for nuclear in sustainable energy planning. But we can’t lose sight of the need to plan for efficient international safeguards at the same time.
Global nuclear deployment has been underpinned since 1970 by the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), making it a key customer requirement for governments to demonstrate unequivocally that the technology is not being misused for weapons development.
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has helped verify this commitment for more than 50 years, but it has never safeguarded many of the advanced reactors (and related fuel cycle processes) being developed today.
K. C. Lee, R. N. Cherdack
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 4 | Number 2 | September 1983 | Pages 603-608
Fusion System Studies | doi.org/10.13182/FST83-A22928
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A relatively high temperature superheated steam cycle was designed to be compatible with a D-D tokamak blanket to help identify some of the benefits of using the D-D fuel .cycle. Since less tritium leaves the plasma in a D-D reactor than in a D-T reactor and tritium is not produced in the D-D reactor blanket, it may be acceptable for steam generated in the first wall and blanket to be used directly in a turbine generator. Calculations indicated high temperature superheated steam (811K, 12.5MPa) could be generated within the allowable stresses of presently available piping materials. Based on these turbine inlet conditions, a backpressure of 50 mm HgA, 6-feedwater heaters, 1 reheater and a 6-flow cross compound turbine generator, the overall cycle efficiency is estimated to be 40.5%.