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Chernobyl at 40 years: Looking back at Nuclear News
Sunday, April 26, at 1:23 a.m. local time will mark 40 years since the most severe nuclear accident in history: the meltdown of Unit 4 at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in Ukraine, then part of the Soviet Union.
In the ensuing four decades, countless books, documentaries, articles, and conference sessions have examined Chernobyl’s history and impact from various angles. There is a similar abundance of outlooks in the archives of Nuclear News, where hundreds of scientists, advocates, critics, and politicians have shared their thoughts on Chernobyl over the years. Today, we will take a look at some highlights from the pages of NN to see how the story of Chernobyl evolved over the decades.
Masao Matsuyama, Tadayuki Murai, Kuniaki Watanabe
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 41 | Number 3 | May 2002 | Pages 505-509
Analysis and Monitoring | Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology Tsukuba, Japan November 12-16, 2001 | doi.org/10.13182/FST02-A22640
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
To make a nondestructive measurement of tritium retained on/in materials surfaces, conversion efficiency of β-rays to characteristic X-rays in an argon atmosphere has been examined. For this purpose, various tritium-containing graphite plates were prepared at first by ion implantation. After the tritium implantation, measurements of an X-ray spectrum from the graphite plates were carried out in the argon atmosphere. A good linear relation was observed between the intensity of Ar(Kα) characteristic X-rays and the total amount of tritium deter-mined by full-combustion. The apparent conversion efficiency was determined as 4.15x10−6 counts/s/Bq. To determine the intrinsic conversion efficiency for argon atoms, relevant correction factors such as geometrical efficiency, absorption of X-rays, effects of a tritium depth profile and a photoelectric effect were experimentally evaluated through numerical calculations. Taking into account these correction factors, the intrinsic conversion efficiency was determined to be 3.1x10−4 photons/β-particle.
