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World Bank, IAEA partner to fund nuclear energy
The World Bank and the International Atomic Energy Agency signed an agreement last week to cooperate on the construction and financing of advanced nuclear projects in developing countries, marking the first partnership since the bank ended its ban on funding for nuclear energy projects.
Oleg I. Buzhinskij, Yuri M. Semenets
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 32 | Number 1 | August 1997 | Pages 1-13
Technical Paper | First-Wall Technology | doi.org/10.13182/FST97-A19875
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A review of some characteristic features of the boronization process, properties of boron-carbon films, and the influence of these features on tokamak discharges is presented. Boronization, as defined here, is a plasma chemical vapor deposition of a thin a-B/C:H film on the first wall of fusion reactors. As a result of boronization, oxygen, carbon, and heavy impurities (e.g., iron, nickel, and chromium) are suppressed, and hydrogen recycling is reduced, which substantially improves the characteristics of tokamak discharges. A two-stage complex protection of both the first wall by boronization and of limiters, divertor plates, and radio-frequency antennas by the application of thick B4C coatings provides further improvement of tokamak plasma parameters.