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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
Y. Oya, Y. Hirohata, T. Nakahata, T. Suda, M. Yoshida, T. Arai, K. Masaki, K. Okuno, T. Tanabe
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 52 | Number 3 | October 2007 | Pages 554-558
Technical Paper | The Technology of Fusion Energy - High Heat Flux Components | doi.org/10.13182/FST07-A1547
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
To investigate retention characteristics of hydrogen isotopes in the first wall tiles made of isotropic graphite of JT-60U, surface morphology, erosion/deposition profiles and hydrogen isotope retentions were examined by SEM, XPS, TDS and SIMS. It was found that poloidal deuterium retention profile was rather uniform, while the thermal desorption behavior of deuterium was quite different depending on the locations of the tiles. Deuterium retained in the upper first wall, which was covered by thick boron layers with high concentration of B, was desorbed at lower temperature than that in the lower area covered by carbon layers with much less B content. Hydrogen retained during the boronization has significant contribution on the total hydrogen retention. D/H ratio in the first wall tiles was appreciably higher than that observed in the divertor tiles. Probably, the lower temperature of the first wall compared to that of the divertor tiles would prohibit desorption of the implanted deuterium and/or its replacement by subsequent D or H impingement. The injection of high energy deuteron originating from NBI into the first wall could have some contribution on the high hydrogen retention of the first wall.