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Commercial nuclear innovation "new space" age
In early 2006, a start-up company launched a small rocket from a tiny island in the Pacific. It exploded, showering the island with debris. A year later, a second launch attempt sent a rocket to space but failed to make orbit, burning up in the atmosphere. Another year brought a third attempt—and a third failure. The following month, in September 2008, the company used the last of its funds to launch a fourth rocket. It reached orbit, making history as the first privately funded liquid-fueled rocket to do so.
K. Tsukatani et al.
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 60 | Number 4 | November 2011 | Pages 1543-1547
Interaction with Materials | Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology (Part 2) | doi.org/10.13182/FST11-A12727
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In this research, thermal desorption characteristics of deuterium retained at trap sites of W created by irradiation of 300 keV hydrogen ions have been studied. With 10 hours of annealing, about 85% of deuterium was desorbed at temperatures of 300 °C and 350 °C, while deuterium desorption at 250 °C was about 60%. To estimate trapping energy of trap sites in this damaged W, TMAP simulation was performed. The result shows that the trapping energy of 1.29eV well accounted for the result of 250 °C annealing. In view that in the literature the vacancy trapping energy of hydrogen in tungsten was estimated to be close to 1.43 eV and the sensitivity analysis has given an uncertainty for the trapping energy of the order of 0.1 eV, it appears that the dominant trapping site type in the investigated damaged tungsten consists of vacancies.