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Why should safeguards by design be a global effort?
Jeremy Whitlock
I can’t think of a more exciting time to be working in nuclear, with the diversity of advanced reactor development and increasing global support for nuclear in sustainable energy planning. But we can’t lose sight of the need to plan for efficient international safeguards at the same time.
Global nuclear deployment has been underpinned since 1970 by the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), making it a key customer requirement for governments to demonstrate unequivocally that the technology is not being misused for weapons development.
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has helped verify this commitment for more than 50 years, but it has never safeguarded many of the advanced reactors (and related fuel cycle processes) being developed today.
Yong Hu, H. G. Yang, W. W. Zhao, Q. Zhan, X. M. Yuan, TMT Team
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 60 | Number 4 | November 2011 | Pages 1531-1534
Interaction with Materials | Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology (Part 2) | doi.org/10.13182/FST11-A12724
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Experiments on deuterium permeation through S.S.316L with FeAl/Al2O3 composite coating have been performed in the temperature range 277-600°C at driving pressures 1-50kPa. As comparison, the tests for samples with natural oxidation film and Ni-plating have also been performed. The apparent deuterium permeability in the sample with FeAl/Al2O3 coating is an order of magnitude lower than that with natural oxide layer, and is at least three orders of magnitude lower than that in the non-oxidized material by inference. The apparent activation energy of deuterium permeation is 76.6kJ/mol for the coated sample and 61.3kJ/mol for the sample with natural oxidation film. The exponential dependences of steady flux for the samples on the pressure are 0.89 for FeAl/Al2O3 coating, 0.65 for natural oxidation film, and 0.55 for Ni-plating, that reflects different permeation mechanism for various surfaces. In addition, the trapping effect of defects on hydrogen isotope was inferred according to the different characteristic of permeation flux curves for various samples.