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Fusion Science and Technology
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Glass strategy: Hanford’s enhanced waste glass program
The mission of the Department of Energy’s Office of River Protection (ORP) is to complete the safe cleanup of waste resulting from decades of nuclear weapons development. One of the most technologically challenging responsibilities is the safe disposition of approximately 56 million gallons of radioactive waste historically stored in 177 tanks at the Hanford Site in Washington state.
ORP has a clear incentive to reduce the overall mission duration and cost. One pathway is to develop and deploy innovative technical solutions that can advance baseline flow sheets toward higher efficiency operations while reducing identified risks without compromising safety. Vitrification is the baseline process that will convert both high-level and low-level radioactive waste at Hanford into a stable glass waste form for long-term storage and disposal.
Although vitrification is a mature technology, there are key areas where technology can further reduce operational risks, advance baseline processes to maximize waste throughput, and provide the underpinning to enhance operational flexibility; all steps in reducing mission duration and cost.
Q. Qi, X. F. Wang, L. Q. Shi, L. Zhang, B. Zhang, Y. F. Lu, A. Liu
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 60 | Number 4 | November 2011 | Pages 1483-1486
Interaction with Materials | Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology (Part 2) | doi.org/10.13182/FST11-A12712
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Helium atoms are introduced into Cu films at room temperature by direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering in a He/Ar mixed atmosphere. The doped helium atoms are distributed evenly in the film and the content can be easily controlled by changing the process parameters. The structure of Cu films with trapped helium was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technology. With increasing helium irradiation flux, the lattice spacing and width of diffraction peaks increased due to helium effects, corresponding to the increase of finite and infinite size defects in the film. The shape of thermal desorption spectrum (TDS) and the number of peaks strongly depended on the amount of helium introduced into Cu. With increase of helium content, helium release temperature decreases. At the same amount of helium, the peak temperature became higher with increase of heating rate and from this we can obtain a picture which could calculate the activation energy of helium desorption.