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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
Christos Housiadas, Adolfo Perujo
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 37 | Number 1 | January 2000 | Pages 68-73
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST00-A123
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The estimation of tritium inventories and permeation fluxes to the coolant in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) is an important issue from the safety standpoint. Previous calculations have been performed neglecting ITER's pulse operation because it was assumed that during plasma-off periods the processes become "frozen" until the plasma starts again. It is shown that this assumption may fail in certain cases, particularly in the first wall of ITER, where a larger (by an order of magnitude) inventory and permeation flux to the coolant is obtained when pulse operation is considered. The calculations are performed with the code TMAP4. The discontinuous nature of the plasma operation is mimicked by imposing on the plasma-facing side a heat flux and a particle implantation flux in the form of a quadratic stepwise periodic function oscillating between zero (plasma off) and a maximum value (plasma on).