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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
O. Ågren, V. E. Moiseenko, K. Noack, A. Hagnestål
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 59 | Number 1 | January 2011 | Pages 166-169
doi.org/10.13182/FST11-A11599
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A comparatively small mirror fusion hybrid device may be developed for industrial transmutation and energy production from spent nuclear waste. This opportunity ensues from the large fission to fusion energy multiplication ratio, Qr = Pfis/Pfus 150, in a subcritical fusion device surrounded by a fission mantle with the neutron multiplicity keff [approximately equal] 0.97. The geometry of mirror machines is almost perfectly suited for a hybrid reactor application, and the requirements for plasma confinement can be dramatically relaxed in correspondence with a high value of Qr. Steady state power production in a mirror hybrid seems possible if the electron temperature reaches 500 eV. A moderately low fusion Q factor, the ratio of fusion power to the power necessary to sustain the plasma, could be sufficient, i.e. Q [approximately equal] 0.15. Theoretical predictions for the straight field line mirror (SFLM) concept are presented, including results from radio frequency heating, neutron Monte Carlo and magnetic coil computations. Means to achieve an electron temperature of 500 eV are briefly discussed. The basic study considers a 25 m long confinement region with 40 cm plasma radius with 10 MW fusion power and a power production of 1.5 GW thermal.