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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
Z. Yao, C. Liu, P. Jung
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 48 | Number 3 | November 2005 | Pages 1285-1291
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST05-A1077
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Permeability, diffusivity, and solubility of deuterium in the low-activation martensitic stainless steel EUROFER97 were derived from measurements of gas permeation in the transient and steady-state regimes at temperatures from 100 to 350°C and at pressures from 2 × 103 to 2 × 105 Pa. The specimens were used in four conditions to investigate the effect of irradiation-induced defects: standard annealed condition, preirradiated with protons, implanted with helium, and implanted plus annealed to produce helium bubbles. In general, displacement defects as well as implanted helium tend to decrease permeation and diffusivity. Permeation and diffusion measurements were also performed under simultaneous irradiation, showing no net effect if the slight temperature increase due to irradiation is taken into account. Diffusion measurement of implanted hydrogen gave equal or slightly lower values than gas permeation, which is in qualitative agreement with results from preirradiated specimens. Trapping parameters are derived by a detailed comparison to a saturable-trap model. Results are compared to previous studies on 7%Cr F82H and 11%Cr MANET-II steels, and effects of compositional variations are indicated.