The precise value of the thermal capture cross section of 238U is uncertain, and evaluated cross sections from various sources differ by more than their assigned uncertainties. A number of the original publications have been reviewed to assess the discrepant data, corrections were made for more recent standard cross sections and other constants, and one new measurement was analyzed. Because of the strong correlations in activation measurements, the gamma-ray emission probabilities from the - decay of 239Np were also analyzed. As a result of the analysis, a value of 2.683 ± 0.012 b was derived for the thermal capture cross section of 238U. A new evaluation of the gamma-ray emission probabilities from 239Np decay was also undertaken.