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Glass strategy: Hanford’s enhanced waste glass program
The mission of the Department of Energy’s Office of River Protection (ORP) is to complete the safe cleanup of waste resulting from decades of nuclear weapons development. One of the most technologically challenging responsibilities is the safe disposition of approximately 56 million gallons of radioactive waste historically stored in 177 tanks at the Hanford Site in Washington state.
ORP has a clear incentive to reduce the overall mission duration and cost. One pathway is to develop and deploy innovative technical solutions that can advance baseline flow sheets toward higher efficiency operations while reducing identified risks without compromising safety. Vitrification is the baseline process that will convert both high-level and low-level radioactive waste at Hanford into a stable glass waste form for long-term storage and disposal.
Although vitrification is a mature technology, there are key areas where technology can further reduce operational risks, advance baseline processes to maximize waste throughput, and provide the underpinning to enhance operational flexibility; all steps in reducing mission duration and cost.
Glen R. Longhurst, Brad J. Merrill
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 39 | Number 2 | March 2001 | Pages 874-879
Divertor and Plasma-Facing Components | doi.org/10.13182/FST01-A11963349
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The Tritium Migration Analysis Program (TMAP) was an aid in performing safety analyses of fusion systems using combined heat and mass transport calculations. Upgraded to TMAP4, it was verified and validated at the INEEL. The further upgrade of the code to TMAP2000 was accomplished in response to several needs. TMAP and TMAP4 had the capacity to deal with only a single trap for diffusing gaseous species in solid structures. TMAP2000 has been revised to include up to three separate traps and to keep track separately of each of up to 10 diffusing species in each of the traps. The original code experienced problems in dealing with heteronuclear molecule formation such as HD and DT. That has been corrected. A further sophistication is the addition of non-diffusing surface species and surface binding energy dynamics options. TMAP2000 will accommodate up to 30 such surface species. Additionally, TMAP2000 allows simulation of surface fluxes dependent on a surface binding energy and an adsorption barrier energy. All of the previously existing features for heat transfer, flows between enclosures, and chemical reactions within the enclosures have been retained, but the allowed problem size and complexity have been significantly increased to take advantage of the greater memory and speed available on modern computers.