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Why should safeguards by design be a global effort?
Jeremy Whitlock
I can’t think of a more exciting time to be working in nuclear, with the diversity of advanced reactor development and increasing global support for nuclear in sustainable energy planning. But we can’t lose sight of the need to plan for efficient international safeguards at the same time.
Global nuclear deployment has been underpinned since 1970 by the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), making it a key customer requirement for governments to demonstrate unequivocally that the technology is not being misused for weapons development.
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has helped verify this commitment for more than 50 years, but it has never safeguarded many of the advanced reactors (and related fuel cycle processes) being developed today.
Isao Murata, Shigeo Yoshida, Noriyuki Saito, Akito Takahashi
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 34 | Number 3 | November 1998 | Pages 997-1001
Neutronics Experiments and Analysis (Poster Session) | doi.org/10.13182/FST98-A11963743
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Secondary gamma-ray skyshine has been measured at an intense 14 MeV neutron source facility with a Hp-Ge detector used to investigate this mechanism. Many discrete gamma-rays due to (n, γ) reactions were observed in the spectrum. It was confirmed that in the evaluation of the secondary gamma-ray skyshine, a precise spectrum calculation down to thermal neutron is indispensable. On the other hand, there exists only a continuum spectrum up to 8 MeV with no discrete peaks in the real skyshine spectrum from the upper air. It was found that the continuum spectrum is composed of mainly Compton scattered gamma-rays. In the distance dependency measurement, the real skyshine contribution showed slow attenuation compared with the whole skyshine contribution. This means that with increasing distance from the facility the real skyshine contribution is gradually dominant, namely, it becomes more important in the skyshine evaluation.