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EPA issues final rule regulating “forever chemicals”
The Environmental Protection Agency announced that it will issue a rule aimed at limiting public exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The final rule will designate two widely used PFAS chemicals, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), as hazardous substances under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), also known as Superfund.
According to the EPA, both PFOA and PFOS meet the statutory criteria for designation as hazardous substances.
H. Matsuura, Y. Tanaka, Y. Nakao, K. Kudo, H. Momota, Y. Tomita
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 27 | Number 3 | April 1995 | Pages 559-562
New Trends and Advanced Concepts | doi.org/10.13182/FST95-A11962963
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
An intense neutral beam injected into a plasma creates a tail (i.e. non-Maxwellian component) in velocity distribution function of the same species as the one injected with enhancing (or reducing) fusion reactivities from the values for Maxwellian plasmas. In a typical D-3He startup operation with field reversed configuration (FRC), tail effect on reduction in neutral beam injection (NBI) power required for plasma heating is investigated. It is shown that as a result of effective tail control, the required NBI power can be reduced by about 60 % from the value for Maxwellian plasma.
