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Why should safeguards by design be a global effort?
Jeremy Whitlock
I can’t think of a more exciting time to be working in nuclear, with the diversity of advanced reactor development and increasing global support for nuclear in sustainable energy planning. But we can’t lose sight of the need to plan for efficient international safeguards at the same time.
Global nuclear deployment has been underpinned since 1970 by the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), making it a key customer requirement for governments to demonstrate unequivocally that the technology is not being misused for weapons development.
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has helped verify this commitment for more than 50 years, but it has never safeguarded many of the advanced reactors (and related fuel cycle processes) being developed today.
Shoichi Ohi
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 27 | Number 3 | April 1995 | Pages 349-352
Compact Torus (Field-Reversed Configuration, Spheromak) Concepts | doi.org/10.13182/FST95-A11947103
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Confinement times of particle and trapped magnetic flux in FRC plasmas were simulated using a one dimensional transport model and classical (Spitzer's) resistivity. Comparing the simulation results and experimental results indicated that a transport in the plasmas was basically classical and deviations of experimental results from classical values (so-called anomaly) might attribute to a plasma geometry effect, by which the deviation was larger for fat plasmas and smaller for prolate ones.
In order to verify this indication, a plasma electron heating with an axial injection of pulsed and intense ion beams was proposed for the plasmas in current FRC experiments. Possibility of this heating were examined by estimating an energy deposit rate of a beam ion in the plasmas. The energy deposit rate is a few%~about 100% for a plasma of 12cm in diameter and 80cm in length with a plasma parameter range of current experiments.