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Fusion Science and Technology
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Glass strategy: Hanford’s enhanced waste glass program
The mission of the Department of Energy’s Office of River Protection (ORP) is to complete the safe cleanup of waste resulting from decades of nuclear weapons development. One of the most technologically challenging responsibilities is the safe disposition of approximately 56 million gallons of radioactive waste historically stored in 177 tanks at the Hanford Site in Washington state.
ORP has a clear incentive to reduce the overall mission duration and cost. One pathway is to develop and deploy innovative technical solutions that can advance baseline flow sheets toward higher efficiency operations while reducing identified risks without compromising safety. Vitrification is the baseline process that will convert both high-level and low-level radioactive waste at Hanford into a stable glass waste form for long-term storage and disposal.
Although vitrification is a mature technology, there are key areas where technology can further reduce operational risks, advance baseline processes to maximize waste throughput, and provide the underpinning to enhance operational flexibility; all steps in reducing mission duration and cost.
S. Besshou, K. Ogata, K. Kondo, T. Mizuuchi, K. Nagasaki, H. Okada, F. Sano, H. Zushi, T. Obiki
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 27 | Number 3 | April 1995 | Pages 219-222
Helical Systems | doi.org/10.13182/FST95-A11947073
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
This paper describes the realization of magnetic detection of the finite β free boundary plasma shin for a toroidal helical plasma. Recent experimental results, the normalized displacement Δb/ap as a function of volume average beta <β>, are discussed. The measured typical plasma boundary shift, Δb/ap, in the standard Heliotron E configuration (Rp=2.20m, ap=0.21m, Ԏ/2ᴨ(0)~0.53, Ԏ/2ᴨ(ap)~2.8) is (5–12)x10–3, when the volume averaged beta is 0.50%. The measured normalized plasma boundary shift is nearly proportional to the diamagnetic volume-averaged beta, for values of beta up to 0.95%. The magnetically determined plasma boundary shift Δb is less than 3 mm. The measured shift is in the range in-between the expected upper limit (Δb/ap = β(0)/2βeq) and the lower limit (Δb/ap = <β>/2βeq), where βeq = (Ԏ/2ᴨ(ap))2(ap/Rp)~0.77 for the standard configuration of Heliotron E.
We find that the measured free boundary plasma shift strongly depends on the initial vacuum magnetic configuration parameters such as the horizontal position of magnetic axis and the rotational transform. When the vacuum magnetic axis is shifted inward toward the major axis, we observed a significant decrease of the normalized plasma shift (Δb/ap) and the plasma induced vertical field, which we interpret as being due to a reduction of Pfirsch-Schlüter current.