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Fusion Science and Technology
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Glass strategy: Hanford’s enhanced waste glass program
The mission of the Department of Energy’s Office of River Protection (ORP) is to complete the safe cleanup of waste resulting from decades of nuclear weapons development. One of the most technologically challenging responsibilities is the safe disposition of approximately 56 million gallons of radioactive waste historically stored in 177 tanks at the Hanford Site in Washington state.
ORP has a clear incentive to reduce the overall mission duration and cost. One pathway is to develop and deploy innovative technical solutions that can advance baseline flow sheets toward higher efficiency operations while reducing identified risks without compromising safety. Vitrification is the baseline process that will convert both high-level and low-level radioactive waste at Hanford into a stable glass waste form for long-term storage and disposal.
Although vitrification is a mature technology, there are key areas where technology can further reduce operational risks, advance baseline processes to maximize waste throughput, and provide the underpinning to enhance operational flexibility; all steps in reducing mission duration and cost.
Kyung-Ho Kang, Joachim A. Maruhn
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 31 | Number 3 | May 1997 | Pages 251-264
Technical Paper | ICF Target | doi.org/10.13182/FST97-A30829
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Using a relatively simple static model and allowing a number of additional radiation shields in an axially symmetric hohlraum having two converters, a systematic process of reducing the asymmetry of the radiation field on a fusion capsule is presented. As a result of this procedure, a hohlraum target is obtained that shows a high degree of symmetrization even in a very early stage of irradiation. The sensitivity of the symmetry to the form and the position of each hohlraum component is investigated. To increase the reliability of the results, an enhanced model of radiation reemission in a hohlraum target, including reemission of the converter, is developed. Using this enhanced model it is found that the obtained hohlraum configuration is still valid, while the simple reemission model leads to incorrect results in special cases. It is also shown that the detailed configuration of a hohlraum target, especially of the radiation shields, depends considerably on the temperature distribution of the converter surface, but it is always possible to achieve a high degree of symmetry with radiation shields.