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Glass strategy: Hanford’s enhanced waste glass program
The mission of the Department of Energy’s Office of River Protection (ORP) is to complete the safe cleanup of waste resulting from decades of nuclear weapons development. One of the most technologically challenging responsibilities is the safe disposition of approximately 56 million gallons of radioactive waste historically stored in 177 tanks at the Hanford Site in Washington state.
ORP has a clear incentive to reduce the overall mission duration and cost. One pathway is to develop and deploy innovative technical solutions that can advance baseline flow sheets toward higher efficiency operations while reducing identified risks without compromising safety. Vitrification is the baseline process that will convert both high-level and low-level radioactive waste at Hanford into a stable glass waste form for long-term storage and disposal.
Although vitrification is a mature technology, there are key areas where technology can further reduce operational risks, advance baseline processes to maximize waste throughput, and provide the underpinning to enhance operational flexibility; all steps in reducing mission duration and cost.
H. Glasbrenner, A. Perujo, E. Serra
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 28 | Number 3 | October 1995 | Pages 1159-1164
Tritium Properties and Interaction with Material | Proceedings of the Fifth Topical Meeting on Tritium Technology In Fission, Fusion, and Isotopic Applications Belgirate, Italy May 28-June 3, 1995 | doi.org/10.13182/FST95-A30564
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A hot-dip process developed in FZK, was applied to produce a hydrogen permeation barrier on MANET steel. The formation of the alumina layer is a two step process. The hot-dip aluminizing method produced first an intermetallic layer of FexAly by immersing the specimens in molten aluminium at 1073 K for 10 min. Secondly, by its exposure to an oxygen containing gas (1223 K, 10 and 30 h) the alumina layer is formed on the intermetallic layer. The last step is to form a fully martensitic phase (δ-ferritic free structure) by a specific heat treatment (1348 K, 30 min fast cool; 1023 K, 2 h).The oxide layer and bulk material were characterized by optical metallography, Vickers microhardness measurements, scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) on the surface. A permeation reduction larger than three orders of magnitude was obtained in the sample that has undergone a 30 h exposure in air at 1223 K.
