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Fusion Science and Technology
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Glass strategy: Hanford’s enhanced waste glass program
The mission of the Department of Energy’s Office of River Protection (ORP) is to complete the safe cleanup of waste resulting from decades of nuclear weapons development. One of the most technologically challenging responsibilities is the safe disposition of approximately 56 million gallons of radioactive waste historically stored in 177 tanks at the Hanford Site in Washington state.
ORP has a clear incentive to reduce the overall mission duration and cost. One pathway is to develop and deploy innovative technical solutions that can advance baseline flow sheets toward higher efficiency operations while reducing identified risks without compromising safety. Vitrification is the baseline process that will convert both high-level and low-level radioactive waste at Hanford into a stable glass waste form for long-term storage and disposal.
Although vitrification is a mature technology, there are key areas where technology can further reduce operational risks, advance baseline processes to maximize waste throughput, and provide the underpinning to enhance operational flexibility; all steps in reducing mission duration and cost.
D. E. Shumaker
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 13 | Number 4 | May 1988 | Pages 555-576
Technical Paper | Plasma Engineering | doi.org/10.13182/FST88-A25135
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A numerical simulation of the evolution of a field-reversed configuration (FRC) plasma is described. The calculation proceeds by alternating between a two-dimensional axisymmetric equilibrium calculation and a one-dimensional transport calculation. The equilibrium calculation uses flux-surface coordinates and finite elements. The transport calculation consists of the simultaneous solution of three one-dimensional equations for the differential ion density, electron entropy, and ion entropy. The transport calculation includes classical transport processes, loss on open field lines, radiation cooling due to impurities, and lower hybrid drift anomalous transport. Examples of FRC simulations are presented.
