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Fusion Science and Technology
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Glass strategy: Hanford’s enhanced waste glass program
The mission of the Department of Energy’s Office of River Protection (ORP) is to complete the safe cleanup of waste resulting from decades of nuclear weapons development. One of the most technologically challenging responsibilities is the safe disposition of approximately 56 million gallons of radioactive waste historically stored in 177 tanks at the Hanford Site in Washington state.
ORP has a clear incentive to reduce the overall mission duration and cost. One pathway is to develop and deploy innovative technical solutions that can advance baseline flow sheets toward higher efficiency operations while reducing identified risks without compromising safety. Vitrification is the baseline process that will convert both high-level and low-level radioactive waste at Hanford into a stable glass waste form for long-term storage and disposal.
Although vitrification is a mature technology, there are key areas where technology can further reduce operational risks, advance baseline processes to maximize waste throughput, and provide the underpinning to enhance operational flexibility; all steps in reducing mission duration and cost.
H. Takenaga, H. Kubo, Y. Kamada, Y. Miura, Y. Kishimoto, T. Ozeki
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 50 | Number 4 | November 2006 | Pages 503-507
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST06-A1273
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Accumulation of impurity injected for reduction of heat load to the divertor plates was of great concern with a peaked density profile. Applicability of impurity injection to a burning plasma with a peaked density profile was investigated for various impurity accumulation levels using the A-SSTR2 design parameters. Impurity transport analysis indicated that the argon density profile twice as peaked as the electron density profile can yield acceptable radiation profile even with a peaked density profile. The required confinement improvement factor over the IPB98(y,2) scaling slightly increased from 1.4 with the flat density profile to 1.5 with the peaked electron density profile at ne(r/a = 0)/ne(r/a = 0.7) ~ 3. When the argon density profile was determined by neoclassical transport, the radiation loss in the core plasma intensively increased with the peaked density profile, which requires higher confinement enhancement factor of 1.9 at ne(r/a = 0)/ne(r/a = 0.7) ~ 3.